HR1 State Atlas — Public Edition
Federal–State Funding · Plain-Language Guide
What the new federal law means for your state.
In July 2025, Congress passed the largest changes to Medicaid and SNAP (food assistance) in 60 years. This guide shows what's changing, why state budgets are now under pressure, and how your state stacks up. Click any state on the map to see its specific situation.
01
What is HR1?
Also called the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act," HR1 is a federal law signed July 4, 2025. It extends 2017 tax cuts and pays for them partly by reducing federal spending on Medicaid and SNAP — about $1 trillion in Medicaid cuts and $186 billion in SNAP cuts over ten years.
02
How it changes who pays
For 60 years, the federal government paid 100% of SNAP food benefits and roughly 70% of Medicaid costs. HR1 sends less money to states for both programs. States must either raise taxes, cut benefits, or push the costs to counties.
03
Who's affected
About 11.8 million people are projected to lose Medicaid coverage by 2034. SNAP benefits get tighter for many, and states with higher payment-error rates (mostly clerical mistakes, not fraud) will pay 5–15% of food benefit costs for the first time in the program's history.
How to read the map below
Three things to know before you click
1
Each tile is a state. Tiles are arranged roughly by geography — Alaska and Hawaii are bottom-left, Maine is top-right.
2
Color = exposure. Green = lower budget pressure from HR1. Dark red = severe pressure. The number on each tile is the state's risk score (0 to 4).
3
Click any tile to see how many people are on Medicaid and SNAP in that state, what the law forces onto the state's budget, and what's most at stake locally.
?
Hover any underlined word for a plain-English definition. There's also a full glossary at the bottom.
HR1 Budget-Pressure Index — All 50 states + D.C.
Click a state to drill down · numbers show risk score 0–4
Risk score
0 · Low
1
2
3 · High
4 · Severe
How the score works: A state earns one point for each of these four things being true: (1) high SNAP payment error rate, (2) any SNAP error rate above the new 6% threshold, (3) the state participates in ACA Medicaid expansion, (4) the state uses provider taxes above HR1's new limit.
All states ranked — sortable
| State | Risk | Medicaid enrollees | SNAP error rate | Est. annual SNAP cost-share | Medicaid expansion |
|---|
Glossary — terms used on this page
Medicaid
Government health insurance for people with low incomes, people with disabilities, and many seniors needing nursing-home care. Jointly funded by federal and state governments.
SNAP (food stamps)
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Federal food assistance loaded onto an EBT card. Roughly 42 million Americans receive SNAP each month.
FMAP / Federal match rate
The percentage of Medicaid costs the federal government pays. 50–77% for traditional Medicaid; 90% for ACA expansion adults. Determines how much "free" federal money each state gets per Medicaid dollar spent.
ACA Medicaid expansion
An option created by the Affordable Care Act in 2014 that let states cover more low-income adults. 41 states + D.C. have expanded; 9 have not. Over 20 million people are covered through expansion.
Provider tax
A tax most states charge hospitals or insurance plans, used to fund their share of Medicaid. Was capped at 6% of revenue; HR1 lowers the cap to 3.5% in expansion states by 2032 — removing a major source of state Medicaid funding.
Payment error rate
USDA's measure of SNAP benefits issued incorrectly — overpayments or underpayments, mostly from clerical and processing mistakes. Not a measure of fraud. National rate is 10.93%.
Cost-share / Cost-shift
When the federal government reduces what it pays, leaving states (and their taxpayers) to cover the difference — or to cut services. HR1 shifts billions in costs from federal to state ledgers.
Work requirements
HR1 requires most non-disabled Medicaid expansion adults aged 19–64 to log 80 hours per month of work, training, or community service to keep coverage. Effective late 2026 / early 2027.
Eligibility redetermination
The state's process to verify a person still qualifies for Medicaid. HR1 requires this for expansion adults every 6 months instead of annually — doubling the paperwork.
State-directed payment
A way states require Medicaid managed-care plans to pay providers (especially hospitals) at certain rates. HR1 limits these payments, reducing money flowing to safety-net hospitals.
CBO / KFF
CBO = Congressional Budget Office, the nonpartisan office that scores the cost of legislation. KFF = an independent health-policy research organization that allocates national figures across states.
Trigger law
A state law that automatically ends Medicaid expansion if federal funding drops below a threshold. 12 states have these — meaning expansion enrollees in those states are at heightened risk of losing coverage.
Sources & methodology
SNAP payment error rates & recipient counts: USDA FNS FY 2024 Quality Control reports. SNAP cost-share estimates: tiered formula in HR1 §10105 (under 6% = no cost-share; 6–8% = 5%; 8–10% = 10%; 10%+ = 15% of benefit allotments) applied to FY 2024 benefit issuance. Medicaid enrollment figures: KFF State Health Facts (June 2024 monthly enrollment, post-unwinding); rounded. Medicaid expansion status & provider tax exposure: KFF analyses as of May 2025. National federal Medicaid cuts: Congressional Budget Office, $911 billion over FY2025–2034. National coverage loss: CBO, 11.8 million by 2034. Important caveats: HR1 includes a temporary delay for states with FY2025 SNAP error rates above 13.33% — those states may not face cost-sharing until FY 2029 or 2030. Most cost-share figures shown are FY 2028 projections, not current obligations. The composite risk score weighs four factors equally and should be read as a fiscal-stress indicator, not a policy verdict on the state.